Syringomyelia (SM) is a serious health problem that affects a number of small dog breeds, one of which is the Chihuahua. Unfortunately, very few owners are aware of this condition and oftentimes mistake its symptoms for allergies or other issues. As a result, Chihuahuas suffering from SM aren’t given the treatment and/or medication they require. Whether you believe your Chihuahua is affected by this condition or not, it’s important to understand what SM is and what the proper course of treatment is if your Chihuahua develops it.
According to the Chihuahua Club of America, SM began showing up in the Chihuahua bloodline in 2006. A purebred long-coat Chihuahua named Deerus Flashmoon was the first to be officially diagnosed with SM. Since then, numerous Chihuahua organizations and veterinarians have worked to educate owners on this increasingly common condition. Although it’s not considered a common condition, SM can result in result in some painful symptoms and even life-threatening complications.
What Is Syringomyelia?
Syringomyelia (SM) is a condition where fluid-filled sacs develop around the spinal cord where it connects to the brain. In a normal Chihuahua, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates to and from the brain with ease. However, those suffering from SM tend to have some form of obstruction preventing the flow of CSF; therefore, it pools up in the spinal column where it forms these fluid-filled cavities.
While it’s most commonly associated with small dogs, the fact is that any breed can develop SM at any given time in their life. One such small dog breed, the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, is known for its high risk of suffering from SM. In fact, some estimates suggest that over 90% of CKCS’ will develop the condition at some point in their life. This is a shocking statistic to say the least, but early detection and treatment can help your canine deal with this horrible condition.
Causes
SM is generally caused when the top of the spinal column is blocked, preventing the normal flow of spinal fluid to the brain. When this occurs, the characteristic sacs begin to develop and fill with fluid. You have to remember that spinal fluid isn’t meant to remain in the spinal column. In healthy canines, and people for that matter, it travels back and forth to the brain. Dogs suffering from SM have a blockage that prevents their spinal fluid from moving, and as a result, it causes the fluid-filled sacs to pop up. It may only be a single sac, or it can be as many as half a dozen.
One of the most common causes of SM in Chihuahuas is a malformation or deformity where the brain is larger than the skull, such as Chiari-like malformation (CM). Typically, the brain of Chihuahuas suffering from CM will push up against the narrow cavity of the spinal column, resulting in a natural blockage. When the brain is pressed hard enough, it becomes air-tight, preventing the flow of spinal fluid to and from the brain. Some Chihuahuas are born with SM, while others develop it later into their adulthood.
Symptoms
Symptoms can vary from a minor itchy feeling to excruciating pain and discomfort. It really depends on how severe your Chihuahua’s SM condition is, as well as their body’s reaction. With that said, here are some of the most common side effects associated with Syringomyelia:
SM is also known as the neck scratching disease because dogs suffering from it will scratch their neck excessively.
Pain around the neck and head (generally worse at night).
Sensitivity to extreme cold or hot temperatures.
Spinal scoliosis (spine bends in an abnormal shape).
Shaking and shivering.
Yelping for no visible reason (sign of pain).
Holding one or both of their back legs up off the ground.
If you’ve noticed your Chihuahua exhibiting one more of the symptoms previously mentioned, schedule an appointment with your veterinarian immediately. They will perform a more thorough examination of your Chihuahua to determine whether further investigation is required. Currently, the only way to 100% identify SM is through a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Some veterinarians may have these devices in their office, but chances are you’ll be referred to a veterinary specialist, such as a neurologist.
Treatment
There are a couple of different forms of treatment available for Chihuahuas suffering from SM, and only an experienced veterinarian can tell you what course of action is best for your specific Chihuahua’s condition. It’s important to sit down and talk with your veterinarian to weigh the pros and cons associated with each treatment option. Only then can you make an educated decision to help your Chihuahua’s condition improve.
In recent years, Chihuahuas and other dogs suffering from SM have been given drugs that inhibit the production of cerebrospinal fluid formation with limited success. Drugs like Prilosec result in lower spinal fluid production, which in theory would help to treat SM. The problem, however, is that use of fluid-inhibiting drugs only works as a short-term treatment option, and it also comes with its own fair share of unpleasant side effects.
Pain management is oftentimes the recommended choice of action by veterinarians. As long as your Chihuahua’s condition isn’t worsening, medication to help them deal with the pain may be advised. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as Rimadyl and Metacam, are useful for both reducing pain and inflammation associated with the condition. Opiates may also be given when traditional NSAIDs aren’t enough to subside their discomfort.
Lastly, there are surgical procedures aimed to treat SM and the unpleasant side effects it creates. Typically, surgical operations are only recommended for Chihuahuas with severe and/or late-stage SM, as it’s usually accompanied by extreme pain and discomfort. The primary goal of surgery is to release pressure on the foramen magnum so that spinal fluid can easily flow to and from the brain. This is oftentimes done by removing pieces of hypoplastic occipital bone or the surrounding area. Once the bone is removed, it should open up just enough space for the spinal fluid to flow freely.
Raising a Chihuahua puppy inside your home is an exciting and memorable time that you’re certain to never forget. Just the sight of these energy-filled balls of fur is enough to put a smile on anyone’s face, regardless of what kind of day you’re having. However, the decision to raise a Chihuahua puppy on your own isn’t one that should be made lightly. You’ll need to offer them a safe and healthy environment with everything they need for proper growth and development.
It’s all too common for people to take Chihuahua puppies into their home based on their cute looks alone, without fully realizing just how much work goes into caring for them. As a result, the puppies needs aren’t met and they are the ones who suffer from their owner’s mistake. If you’re willing to invest your time, money and energy into one, keep reading and we’ll reveal how to raise a healthy Chihuahua puppy.
Bringing Your Chihuahua Puppy Home
Once you’ve found a Chihuahua puppy from a breeder that you simply can’t live without, you’ll need to first make some preparations before bringing them home, one of which is getting plenty of premium puppy food. While some veterinarians may recommend specific formulas, it’s usually best to stick with the same type of food the breeder has been feeding them. When you’re checking out new puppies, ask the breeder what they’ve been feeding them. Most breeders will even be more than happy to send some of the food home with you.
It’s hard not to instantly fall in love with a cute Chihuahua puppy, but you have to refrain from taking them away from their mother too early. Doing so may increase their risk of developing certain health conditions, and it also places unnecessary emotional stress. So when is it okay to take a Chihuahua puppy away from their mother? There’s really no one single answer to this question, as all puppies develop both emotionally and physically at different rates. A good rule of thumb, however, is to wait until they are 10 weeks old before bringing them home.
Here’s a rough outline of what you’ll need to do BEFORE bringing your Chihuahua puppy home:
Pick up a bag or two of premium puppy dog food and two bowls (one for food and the other for water).
Create a safe and confined area where your puppy can roam, play and rest when you aren’t there to watch them. Ideally, the area should have hardwood, laminate, tile or linoleum floors that are easy to clean, as your puppy will probably have some accidents here.
Purchase a soft bed and some blankets for them to snuggle up in. Puppies need the comforting feeling provided by blankets even more so than adults, so make sure you have a nice bedding area set up for them.
Unless you want all of your furniture and clothes chewed on, pick up a few small chew toys the next time you’re at the pet store. Chihuahua puppies will go through a teething stage where they will have the desire to chew.
If you haven’t done so already, start stockpiling newspapers to lay in your Chihuahua puppy’s play area. This will help protect the flooring underneath by soaking up some of the urine.
Scheduling Their First Veterinarian Visit
Once you bring your Chihuahua puppy home, you’ll need to call and schedule their first veterinarian appointment. Don’t just take them to the first veterinarian name you come across in the phone book or online, but instead call around and ask some of your friends and family members who they recommend. You want to choose an experienced, professional vet that’s naturally good with animals. Once you’ve found one, call them up and tell them you’d like to make an appointment for your newly-born Chihuahua puppy.
During your pup’s initial vet visit, they should administer a vaccination for the deadly Parvovirus. As you may already know, the Parvovirus is a deadly viral disease that takes the lives of thousands of dogs each year. To make matters worse, it seems that puppies are at a greater risk of the Parvovirus than older dogs. Once they come into contact with it, the virus spreads to the intestinal lining where it feeds on the living cells, causing diarrhea, weakness and dehydration. Thankfully, this virus is easily preventable through a series of vaccinations administered by a vet.
Of course the veterinarian should also perform a thorough checkup and inspection to see if there’s any medically concerning issues with them. Typically, this consists of checking in their ears for mites, in their coat for fleas, and making sure all of their bones have developed properly. While you’re at the vet, be sure to talk to them about follow-up vaccinations, as your Chihuahua will need several more sets in the months to follow.
Potty-Training a Puppy
If there’s one thing you can count on with a Chihuahua puppy it’s that they are going to have accidents. No matter how many times you take them outside or keep them cooped up in their crate, there will be times when they use the bathroom inside the house. Don’t punish or scold them for this behavior, but instead use it to teach them the boundaries of what’s acceptable and what’s not. When your Chihuahua puppy has an accident inside the house, say “No,” and immediately take them outside for a couple of minutes. Even if they don’t use the bathroom while they are outside, they will still begin to associate being outside with using the bathroom.
When you finally see your Chihuahua puppy do their business outside, be sure to give them lots of praise followed by a small treat. Positive reinforcement goes a long way with training a Chihuahua puppy, and it will essentially be your most important tool. If they are having a problem using the bathroom inside, try to confine them in a room or area of the house where they can’t escape from. Puppies like to sneak away to do their business where their owners can’t see, so you should take this option away from them.
Chihuahuas exhibit some quirky behaviors, one of which is burrowing. Rather than lying in their bed, they may burrow under a blanket. Some of them will walk around in circles before tunneling into place, whereas others will scratch or dig at the blanket.
Burrowing doesn’t mean your Chihuahua is trying to hide from you. Chihuahuas are highly affectionate, and they typically prefer to be near their owners. There are instances, however, in which they may disappear for hours on end. Regardless, if your Chihuahua is nowhere to be found, he may be burrowing.
Common Reasons Chihuahuas Burrow Under Blankets
Burrowing may seem like a spontaneous behavior, but there are typically reasons behind it. Here are some of the most common reasons Chihuahuas burrow under blankets.
#1) Comfort
Just as we humans sleep under blankets because it’s comfortable, so do Chihuahuas. Nothing beats the feeling of a blanket against the skin. Blankets are designed to be placed over the body. They are made of soft fabrics — wool, cotton, linen, fleece, microfiber, etc. — that are gentle on the skin.
If a Chihuahua wants to take a nap, he may seek out the comfort of a blanket. The blanket’s soft texture will make it easier for him to fall asleep. Some Chihuahuas may even fluff the blanket beforehand to create a spacious den-like area. But whether the blanket is fluffed or flat, it will provide the Chihuahua with a comfortable, dark resting space.
#2) Sense of Security
Burrowing under blankets creates a sense of security for Chihuahuas. With an average weight of just 4 to 6 pounds, Chihuahuas are the smallest dog breed on the planet. Their small size can leave them feeling vulnerable when exposed.
Chihuahuas may feel innately threatened by the much larger people, animals and objects around them. A person or another dog could accidentally step on them, or a tall piece of furniture could fall on them. Burrowing offers a solution.
Chihuahuas can create an enclosed environment by burrowing under a blanket. As they tunnel their way under the blanket, they’ll no longer be exposed. Chihuahuas won’t be able to see the people, animals and objects around them, so they’ll no longer feel threatened.
The sense of security created by burrowing is similar to that of staying in a crate. Featuring three walls, a door and a roof, crates are enclosed. They provide Chihuahuas with an isolated space by blocking out the Chihuahua’s surroundings. Because of the sense of security it creates, many Chihuahuas prefer staying in their crate when they aren’t burrowing.
#3) Warmth
Chihuahuas burrow under blankets to stay warm. During the winter, you may find your Chihuahua in front of a space heater or under a blanket.
The breed’s small size makes them susceptible to cold temperatures. Chihuahuas lose their body heat faster than larger breeds. They have a greater surface area to body mass ratio than larger breeds, meaning Chihuahuas have a lot of skin relative to their total body size. While a high surface area to body mass ratio allows Chihuahuas to quickly absorb heat, it also allows them to quickly lose heat.
Furthermore, most Chihuahuas only have a top coat, so they are more vulnerable to cold temperatures than dogs with both a top coat and a fluffy undercoat. By burrowing, Chihuahuas can conserve their body heat and regulate their internal temperature more effectively. Each blanket acts as a layer of insulation. They will trap the heat produced by the Chihuahua’s body, thereby creating a warm and cozy environment for him.
Here are some ways to keep your Chihuahua warm during the winter:
Keep outdoor walking and playtime sessions short.
Provide your Chihuahua with plenty of warm blankets.
Place a space heater and the “low” heat setting in front of your Chihuahua’s bed (don’t leave it running unsupervised).
Avoid shaving or trimming your Chihuahua’s coat.
Dress your Chihuahua in a piece of warm apparel, such as a thick wool shirt or sweater.
#4) Instinct
There may be an instinctual factor that compels Chihuahuas to burrow under blankets. Most Chihuahuas today eat store-bought kibble — or homemade meals in some cases — provided by their owners. But like all breeds, they were originally forced to scavenge and hunt for food in the wild.
Chihuahuas originated from the state of Chihuahua, Mexico. During the breed’s early years, feral Chihuahuas would eat whatever they could get their paws on. In addition to foraging for fruits and vegetables, they would hunt small animals in the Mexcian state of their namesake. They used their small size to their advantage by “flushing out” other small animals, such as mice and voles, from their underground tunnels. Like terriers, Chihuahuas would dig at the ground during their hunting excursions.
Feral Chihuahuas would also dig to protect against predators. From jaguars and pumas to wolves and black bears, Chihuahuas had many natural predators in the wild. Using their paws, they would dig dens in places that larger predators couldn’t reach.
Domesticated Chihuahuas no longer need to scavenge for food, nor do they need to protect against predators, but they still possess this same instinct as their ancestors. This may compel them to burrow. Burrowing involves a similar digging action. Rather than digging at the ground, though, Chihuahuas burrow by digging at blankets.
#5) Anxiety Relief
Anxiety may compel Chihuahuas to burrow under blankets. According to a Finnish study of 13,700 dogs, 72.5% of all dogs exhibit anxiety. If your Chihuahua suffers from anxiety, you may find him burrowing during fireworks. The sound of fireworks blasting off on the Fourth of July or New Year’s Eve can cause anxiety in Chihuahuas. It can trigger your Chihuahua’s fight-or-flight response, resulting in high levels of stress hormones.
Thunderstorms can cause similar bouts of anxiety. When the weather turns south, your Chihuahua may tunnel under a blanket for relief. Even baths can cause anxiety in Chihuahuas. Some Chihuahuas are afraid of baths. When they hear the faucet running in the bathroom, they’ll hide under a blanket.
Burrowing may ease Chihuahuas’ anxiety. They’ll feel warm and secure under a blanket. At the same time, the blanket will apply gentle pressure to their bodies, mimicking the feeling of cuddling with their littermates during puppyhood, further relaxing them during stressful events.
There’s a special type of dog shirt that applies similar pressure to a dog’s body when worn. Known as the ThunderShirt, it’s designed to calm dogs similar to swaddling an infant. You can adjust the Thundershirt so that it applies gentle, consistent pressure throughout your Chihuahua’s body. Thunderworks, the company behind the popular calming shirt, says the Thundershirt ranked as the most effective anxiety solution among veterinarians in a 2011 survey.
#6) Showing Affection
Some Chihuahuas lick their owners in the face to show affection, whereas others burrow next to their owners. As companion dogs, Chihuahuas want to be close to their owners. Many of them are clingy. Clingy Chihuahuas stay attached to their owners at the hip, following them wherever they go. Even if your Chihuahua isn’t clingy, however, he may still want to burrow in your bed.
When given the option of lying in his bed alone or lying next to you in your bed, your Chihuahua will probably choose the latter. He may jump up on your bed, followed by burrowing his way under the covers.
Like when cuddling with his littermates, your Chihuahua will feel more relaxed and secure lying next to you in your bed. It’s also a way for your Chihuahua to express affection. Your Chihuahua is telling you that he loves and trusts you when he burrows in your bed.
If you’re his primary caretaker, you may be the person with whom your Chihuahua will share a bed. Chihuahuas will often bond with multiple people, such as family members and pet sitters, but they typically have a “favorite” person. They’ll develop a stronger bond with this person, preferring to be near this person than everyone else.
#7) Peace and Quiet
Chihuahuas burrow under blankets for peace and quiet. It allows them to escape the chaos. When their home environment becomes loud, disordered or otherwise chaotic, they may burrow as a means of escape.
Any form of chaos may compel Chihuahuas to burrow for peace and quiet. If you have a bunch of friends over for dinner, your Chihuahua may seek the sanctuary of a blanket. Alternatively, he may burrow if you are renovating your home’s interior. Burrowing will transport your Chihuahua into his world so that he doesn’t have to experience the chaos firsthand.
#8) Claiming Territory
Chihuahuas burrow under blankets to claim their territory. Chihuahuas have scent glands in their paws. Known as eccrine glands, they allow Chihuahuas to mark their territory by scratching.
Chihuahuas secrete sweat out of their eccrine glands. It’s a supplementary cooling mechanism in all dogs. When dogs begin to overheat, they’ll pant to cool off. They’ll also secrete sweat, thereby releasing heat from their body. And because this sweat comes from their paw pads, it will act as a moisturizer, preventing the Chihuahua’s paw pads from drying out and cracking.
Aside from lowering their body temperature and moisturizing their paw pads, sweating allows Chihuahuas to claim their territory, which may result in burrowing behavior. As they press their paw pads against a blanket, they’ll leave behind trace amounts of sweat. Other dogs can smell this fluid. If another dog wants to avoid confrontation, he may avoid places marked with a Chihuahua’s scent.
The fur around your Chihuahua’s paw pads can become moist due to sweat. This moist environment can then pave the way for bacteria and fungi, resulting in an even stronger scent that many owners describe as corn chips or popcorn.
Pregnancy hormones can cause Chihuahuas to burrow under blankets. Dams go through hormonal changes when pregnant. Their bodies will rapidly produce progesterone, prolactin and estrogen. As these hormones flood their bodies, they may behave differently. One common behavior in pregnant dams is burrowing.
Pregnant dams burrow as a form of nesting. With high levels of pregnancy hormones, they will instinctively prepare for birth. About one week prior to birth, they will look for a safe place to give birth. A pregnant dam may choose a quiet corner in an unoccupied room or closet, or she may choose the space under a blanket.
Even if your Chihuahua isn’t pregnant, she may have pregnancy hormones that compel her to burrow. Female Chihuahuas may undergo hormonal changes that mimic some of the symptoms of pregnancy without actually being pregnant. A condition known as pseudopregnancy, it involves high levels of prolactin and low levels of progesterone. With pseudopregnancy, your Chihuahua will exhibit symptoms of pregnancy, such as searching for a place to give birth and gaining weight, without being pregnant.
#9) Hiding Toys or Treats
Chihuahuas burrow under blankets to hide toys or treats. Like all dogs, Chihuahuas are possessive. They aren’t fond of sharing their possessions with other dogs. When they get a treat or toy, they may hide it to keep it safe.
You may find treats and toys in your bed. Burying is an instinctual behavior known as caching. In the wild, Chihuahuas and other dogs would bury their leftover food to prevent other animals from stealing it. This same instinct may compel modern-day dogs to burrow. With a toy or treat in their mouth, Chihuahuas may work their way under a blanket to find a hiding spot.
#10) Habit
Chihuahuas burrow under blankets out of habit. Just like we humans are creatures of habit, so are Chihuahuas. After performing the same activities day after day, they will continue to perform those activities without thinking about it.
Part of your Chihuahua’s daily routine may be burrowing. He may become accustomed to burrowing at 3:00 p.m., for instance. When the clock strikes 3:00 p.m., your Chihuahua may automatically burrow under a blanket for a midday nap. He may also become accustomed to unburrowing himself at a specific time later in the afternoon.
#11) Illness or Injury
Illness or injury may cause Chihuahuas to burrow under blankets. Dogs are masters at hiding pain. It’s a trait that improves the chances of survival in the wild.
Pain is a sign of weakness in the wild. If a dog is limping or yelping, predators may view him as an easy target. Therefore, dogs have evolved to hide their pain. Rather than yelping, your Chihuahua may simply burrow under a blanket if he’s sick or injured.
If you believe your Chihuahua is suffering from an illness or injury, take him to the veterinarian immediately. Only a licensed veterinarian can provide a proper diagnosis.
Is Burrowing Safe? What You Should Know
In most cases, burrowing is completely harmless. It may even benefit your Chihuahua by keeping him warm on a cold winter day or easing his anxiety. But you should still take some precautions to ensure your Chihuahua is safe while he burrows.
If he burrows in your bed, you may want to encourage your Chihuahua to burrow from the top of the blanket. He will likely struggle to get underneath the blanket from the bottom (the foot of your bed). Even if he’s successful, the blanket may get twisted around your Chihuahua to the point where it traps him.
Make sure your Chihuahua can easily escape from under the blanket. He may get hot or thirsty, in which case he will attempt to surface from his blanket-covered nest. To ensure your Chihuahua can escape, create a path for him. After he has burrowed, lift the blanket slightly to create a clear path from the top of the blanket all the way to his nest.
Most Chihuahuas can escape from under a blanket on their own, but senior and arthritic Chihuahuas may need a helping hand. They are slower and less dextrous than their counterparts. If your Chihuahua is old or has arthritis, you may need to lift the blanket completely off him when he’s ready to surface.
If your Chihuahua is an avid burrower, you stay on top of nail grooming. Chihuahuas with long nails may snag them in blankets. Aside from shredding up your blankets, this may cause discomfort or pain for your Chihuahua. You can prevent your Chihuahua from snagging his nails by trimming them at least once a month.
How to Choose a Burrowing-Friendly Blanket
Whether your Chihuahua burrows in your bed or his own bed, you should choose the right blanket for him. Some blankets are better suited for burrowing than others.
Don’t allow your Chihuahua to burrow under weighted blankets. With an average weight of 10 to 20 pounds, they are too heavy for small dogs. He may struggle to breathe under the weight of a heavy blanket. Weighted blankets are denser than normal, lightweight blankets, so they restrict airflow. The poor airflow under a weighted blanket can make it difficult for your Chihuahua to breathe and place your Chihuahua at risk for overheating.
Avoid choosing a knitted or crocheted blanket. They are more likely to cause nail snags than other types of blankets. While there are nuances between knitted and crocheted blankets, they both feature interlocking loops. Your Chihuahua may snag a nail on one of these loops, resulting in injury.
Heated blankets should also be off-limits to your Chihuahua. They may look like ordinary all-fabric blankets, but heated blankets have wires running through them. When plugged into a wall outlet, electricity will flow through these wires while subsequently generating heat. If your Chihuahua burrows under a heated blanket, he may accidentally the wires. The heated blanket may then pose an electrical hazard to both you and your Chihuahua.
Choose a blanket made of an organic fabric. Organic fabrics are more breathable than synthetic fabrics, and they are less likely to cause skin allergies. A lightweight blanket made of cotton or linen is perfect for a Chihuahua. You can even opt for a thicker wool blanket during the winter months.
In Conclusion
Chihuahuas love to burrow under blankets. Some of the most common reasons for burrowing include comfort, a sense of security, warmth, anxiety relief, claiming territory and hiding treats or toys. As long as your Chihuahua isn’t sick or injured, it shouldn’t be a problem. Just remember to follow the safety tips listed above.
Chihuahuas are known for having relatively few health problems compared to other dog breeds. Like most small dogs, though, Chihuahuas tend to have oral problems that can lead to gum disease, tooth decay, tooth loss and even stroke. One of the reasons for this is simply due to their small mouths, which generally force teeth to become impacted as they grow in. While some Chihuahuas may live long and happy lives without experiencing dental problems, most will have at least some oral issues arise. Thankfully, however, there are certain things we can do as owners to help maintain good oral health for our Chihuahuas.
To put things into perspective on just how serious Chihuahua oral problems are, studies have shown that roughly 3/4 of Chihuahuas will develop at least one form of gum disease by the age of 4. It may only cause bad breath at first, but all types of gum disease are progressive; therefore, it’s only going to get worse unless you take action to stop it. Chihuahuas haven’t developed the ability to brush their own teeth yet, so it’s up to you to do it for them.
How To Brush Your Chihuahua’s Teeth
Brushing your Chihuahua’s teeth is arguably the single most important thing you can do for their oral health. When food particles and residue gets stuck on their teeth, it turns to tarter. Small amounts of tarter here and there isn’t going to cause any serious problems, but over time it can and will lead to tooth decay, gingivitis, tooth loss and other forms of gum disease. You can think of a toothbrush as your weapon in the fight against tartar and tooth decay.
Some owners may simply try to brush their Chihuahua’s teeth with an old toothbrush and regular toothpaste, but this isn’t recommended. Chihuahuas, like most dogs, will probably try to eat anything you put in their mouth. Regular toothpaste that we use in our mouths contains fluoride, which can be harmful if swallowed. Even small amounts of fluoride can make a Chihuahua sick to their stomach. So, how are you supposed to brush your Chihuahua’s teeth? There are actually toothbrushes and toothpaste designed specifically for dogs. The toothbrushes come in a wide range of sizes designed to fit all breeds of dogs. Some of them are even sleeve-like pieces that fit over your finger with stubbles on one side. Canine toothpaste is made with delicate ingredients that are completely safe for small dogs. In addition, they come in a variety of flavors so your Chihuahua will likely enjoy getting their teeth brushed. You can find canine toothpaste available in beef, chicken, salmon and malt flavors.
Once you’ve acquired a canine toothbrush and toothpaste, refer to the following steps to brush their teeth:
Step One – Sit down comfortably in a chair and place with your Chihuahua comfortably in your lap. Some Chihuahuas may be nervous and anxious when you try to brush their teeth, especially the first few times. To make things easier, you should continue to talk, praise and pet your Chihuahua throughout the process. Ensure them that everything is okay and try to maintain a positive attitude, as this will likely spread to your Chihuahua.
Step Two – The next step is to coerce your Chihuahua into opening up their mouth. If you purchased a flavored canine toothpaste, chances are they will be more than happy to open their mouths when it’s placed in front of them. Dab a little bit of the toothpaste on your finger and place it in front of their mouth. Hopefully they will open up and start licking it, at which point you can gently hold their mouth open with one of your hands.
Step Three – With your Chihuahua’s mouth open, you should now have access to their teeth and gums. Take a minute to closely inspect their mouth to see if there are any serious signs of tooth decay or gum disease. As long as everything looks good, place a small amount of toothpaste on the toothbrush and gently run it over their teeth. There’s really no one particular way to brush a Chihuahua’s teeth, as all Chihuahuas are different. If your Chihuahua is trying to close their mouth, just focus on the large canines and then work your way to the smaller teeth.
Step Four – After you’ve brushed your Chihuahua’s teeth, let them know how good of a boy/girl they were by giving them lots of praise and petting. Positive reinforcement in the key to making your Chihuahua enjoy having their teeth brushed. If you continue to give them praise each time you brush their teeth, chances are they will grow to love it.
Other Ways To Improve Your Chihuahua’s Oral Health
In addition to brushing your Chihuahua’s teeth, there are a couple other things you can do to improve their oral health. For starters, you should only be feeding them a premium solid dog food. Soft canned dog food can be a real treat for a small Chihuahua, but it can also increase the chance of tooth decay. The soft moist food particles will stick to their teeth where they slowly eat away at the enamel. If you decide to give your Chihuahua wet food, only give it to them as an occasional treat and not an everyday meal. A good crunchy dog food will naturally help to scrape tartar off their teeth as they eat it.
Rawhides and tough chew toys are also helpful in removing built-up plaque and tartar. There’s no denying the fact that Chihuahuas love playing with their favorite toys, so why not give them a toy that’s going to help clean their teeth? A simple rawhide chew is all it takes to help remove some of the food particles and tartar on their teeth. Just remember to closely watch over your Chihuahua anytime they are given a treat.
Have you noticed your Chihuahua wheezing? Many owners fear the worst upon hearing sounds of apparent respiratory distress. They assume their canine companions can’t breathe, so they rush them to the nearest emergency veterinary clinic.
While Chihuahuas can suffer from serious respiratory conditions, such as a collapsed trachea, wheezing episodes are typically harmless. Also known as “reverse sneezing,” it’s common in brachycephalic breeds. Chihuahuas can still breathe during these wheezing or reverse sneezing episodes, and they won’t experience any pain or lasting effects.
What Is Reverse Sneezing?
Reverse sneezing is the colloquial term used to describe episodes in which a Chihuahua or any other dog rapidly and convulsively inhales air through the nose. Some of these episodes last just seconds, whereas others may last for up to two minutes. Regardless, reverse sneezing involves the rapid and uncontrollable inhalation of air through the nose.
Sneezing, of course, involves the rapid and convulsive exhalation of air. Reverse sneezing is essentially the same but backward. Rather than exhaling air, Chihuahuas inhale air during reverse sneezing episodes.
Here’s what to expect during a typical reverse sneezing episode:
The Chihuahua will stop what he’s doing and stand still.
He will extend his neck out.
He will begin to quickly inhale air through his nose.
During these inhalations, the Chihuahua will make wheezing, snorting, hacking or goose-honking noises. His chest will also expand and contract.
After the episode has passed, the Chihuahua’s behavior will return to normal.
In the veterinary industry, the clinical term used to describe these episodes is paroxysmal respiration. Paroxysmal means occurring periodically with short episodes, and respiration means the act of breathing. Whether it’s wheezing, reverse sneezing or paroxysmal respiration, though, they all refer to the same type of episodes.
What Causes Reverse Sneezing?
Reverse sneezing is believed to be caused by spasms of the soft palate. Not to be confused with the hard palate (see illustration below), the soft palate is a section of muscle tissue covered in a protective mucus membrane. In both dogs and humans, it’s used to block off the nasal passages when swallowing.
The soft palate consists of muscle tissue that, like other muscles in a Chihuahua’s body, can succumb to spasms. If the soft palate becomes irritated or inflamed, for instance, it may begin to spasm. These spasms can manifest in the form of reverse sneezing.
Illustration of a Chihuahua’s open mouth, showing the hard palate, soft palate, tongue and tonsils. The soft palate at the back of the roof of the mouth is responsible for reverse sneezing.
Reverse Sneezing Triggers
Reverse sneezing episodes may occur spontaneously and for no apparent reason. Other instances, however, may involve a trigger.
Anything that causes the soft palate to spasm is a potential trigger. Triggers may irritate, inflame or tickle the soft palate, resulting in a spasm.
Common triggers for reverse sneezing include:
Dust, pollen or other airborne pollutants
Nasal mites
Excitement (e.g. running around in circles or playing with a toy)
Household cleaning chemicals
Smoke inhalation
Pulling on a Chihuahua’s collar
Allergies
Foreign objects stuck in the throat
Upper respiratory infections
Eating or drinking too fast
Blood-filled polyps in the throat
Why Reverse Sneezing Is So Common in Chihuahuas
Reverse sneezing can affect all breeds, but it’s particularly common in small dogs like Chihuahuas. A study of over 700 dogs found that Yorkshire Terriers and Chihuahuas had the highest predisposition to reverse sneezing of all studied purebreds.
Yorkshire Terriers and Chihuahuas are brachycephalic breeds, so they have smaller and shorter heads than non-brachycephalic breeds. Normally, a dog’s soft palate will remain isolated to the back of the mouth. In brachycephalic breeds, though, the soft palate may extend partially into the throat where it interferes with the trachea.
When a Chihuahua’s soft palate begins to spasm, his trachea may become partially obstructed. The convulsing muscle tissue at the roof of his mouth may occlude the flow of air into and out of the trachea. The Chihuahua should still be able to breathe, but he may not be able to fully inhale. The Chihuahua may then experience a reverse sneezing episode until the spasm has stopped and his trachea is no longer obstructed.
Let Your Veterinarian Know!
Reverse sneezing episodes will typically pass on their own. Because they can be mistaken for signs of a more severe respiratory condition known as a tracheal collapse, you should let your veterinarian know about these episodes. Licensed veterinarians know how to distinguish between reverse sneezing episodes and tracheal collapse.
You may even want to record your Chihuahua during an episode. Just pull out your smartphone and take create a short video of the episode. When visiting your veterinarian, you can show him or her the video. Along with performing an examination, your veterinarian may use this footage to determine if your Chihuahua is experiencing reverse sneezing episodes or a collapsed trachea.
Your veterinarian can also check your Chihuahua for underlying causes. Soft palate spasms may be caused by the triggers listed above. Nasal mites and upper respiratory infections, for instance, can cause the soft palate to spasm. During the visit, your veterinarian can rule out underlying causes such as these. Alternatively, if your veterinarian identifies a mite infestation or upper respiratory infection, he or she can treat it.
You don’t need to take your veterinarian each time he experiences a reverse sneezing episode, but you should still inform your veterinarian about your Chihuahua’s episodes.
In most cases, reverse sneezing doesn’t require treatment. Some Chihuahuas experience these episodes on a daily basis. As long as it’s true reverse sneezing and not a collapsed trachea, the episodes should pass. With that said, removing or managing the triggers can minimize the frequency of reverse sneezing episodes.
If your Chihuahua experiences reverse sneezing episodes when you tug on his collar, for instance, consider switching to a harness, instead. Collars focus the pulling force on the neck, whereas harnesses distribute the pulling force across the body. Using a harness to walk your Chihuahua will alleviate pressure on the neck so that he’s less likely to experience reverse sneezing episodes.
If you believe airborne pollutants are to blame for your Chihuahua’s reverse sneezing episodes, try to improve the air quality in your home. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), indoor air is two to five times more polluted than outdoor air. Micro-sized pollutant particles may work their way into your Chihuahua’s mouth and throat where they cause his soft palate to spasm.
Improving the air quality in your home will result in lower levels of airborne pollutants. Changing the air filter in your home at least once a month will result in cleaner air. Vacuuming and dusting the floors will also result in cleaner air. Another tip is to decorate with houseplants. Houseplants aren’t used strictly for aesthetics; they can clean the surrounding air by absorbing pollutants and releasing fresh oxygen.
Your veterinarian may be able to treat the underlying causes of your Chihuahua’s reverse sneezing episodes. Upper respiratory infections can be treated with antibiotics or antivirals. Nasal mites can be treated with anti-parasitic medication like ivermectin. Throat polyps can be treated with surgery.
How to Stop Your Chihuahua’s Reverse Sneezing Episodes
Most reverse sneezing episodes will stop once your Chihuahua’s soft palate spasm has ended. However, you may be able to shorten the duration of these episodes.
While there’s no foolproof way to stop all reverse sneezing episodes, some owners have reported success using the following methods:
Gently rub your Chihuahua’s throat.
Place your thumb and index fingers directly over your Chihuahua’s nostrils.
Gently blow air in your Chihuahua’s face.
Speak softly to your Chihuahua to try and calm him down.
Run your hand under some cold water and place it against your Chihuahua’s lips.
Most of these methods work by encouraging the Chihuahua to swallow. If there’s something stuck in the Chihuahua’s throat, it may irritate his soft palate and cause a spasm. Swallowing should clear the Chihuahua’s throat.
Video of a Chihuahua Reverse Sneezing
This video shows a Chihuahua experiencing a reverse sneezing episode. The Chihuahua stops in his track and begins to wheeze. It sounds like the Chihuahua is gasping for air, but thankfully he’s experiencing a typical reverse sneezing episode.
In Conclusion
Wheezing or reverse sneezing is more frightening for owners than for Chihuahuas. It involves spasms of the soft palate at the back of the mouth. When Chihuahuas experience a reverse sneezing episode, they’ll rapidly wheeze while inhaling air through their nose.
Does your Chihuahua experience have wheezing or reverse sneezing episodes? Share your story with our community of fellow Chihuahua owners and enthusiasts in the comments section below!
With an average weight of just 3-5 pounds, there’s no denying the fact that Chihuahuas are small dogs. In fact, they are oftentimes considered THE smallest breed in the world. Of course this is just one of the many reasons why people choose to own pet Chihuahuas over other types of dogs. However, their small size oftentimes raises the issue of whether or not it’s safe to raise them around larger dogs. Families who already have larger dogs at home may need to use caution when adding a small Chihuahua into the mix, as there’s always the possibility for injury or even death.
Common Problems With Chihuahuas and Larger Dogs
The main issue that arises when raising Chihuahuas around larger dogs is the threat of injury. If a small Chihuahua snaps out in aggression towards a larger dog, it could provoke an attack in retaliation. Depending on the size and demeanor of the larger dog, this attack may result in serious life-threatening injury. Even though they are one of the smallest dog breeds in the world, Chihuahuas like to act big and bad, which puts them in harm’s way if you aren’t there to mediate the situation.
Another instance where fights are quite possible is during feeding. It’s all too common for two dogs to growl or even snap out at each other when food is around. Unfortunately, this type of behavior must be stopped if you want to create a safe and healthy environment for your Chihuahua to live in. Even if your dogs aren’t physically fighting with one another, showing teeth and making growling noises are signs of aggression that can lead to more serious confrontations in the future.
Socializing BOTH Your Chihuahua and The Other Dog
One of the key steps to create a safe environment for your dogs is to socialize them at an early age. Ideally, you should take them out to the local park or outdoor community areas where they will be exposed to other people and dogs. In today’s world where owners are busy with work, school and day-to-day chores, doing this is easier said than done. However, you must not underestimate the importance of early socialization for your Chihuahua and any other dogs in your family. Forcing them to stay cooped up in the house all day every day won’t allow them to develop the social skills needed to interact with others; therefore, they will naturally want to fight with other dogs for no reason at all.
Here are just a few of the many places where you can take your dogs to improve their socialization skills:
Gated dog parks where owners bring their dogs to play with others.
Obedience training classes.
National chain pet stores, such as PetsMart or Petco.
Over to a friend of family members house who also has a dog.
Walks around the neighborhood.
Exploring down by a river where people frequently visit.
For car rides around town (they will likely see other dogs riding in cars as well).
Supervision
If you’re bringing a new Chihuahua into a home environment where there’s already another larger dog, you’ll want to closely supervise the two during the first few months. The truth is that most big dogs will grow to love having a small little companion around the house, but it may take some time. At first, they probably won’t know what to think of this new dog coming into their territory. After all, they’ve been the king of the house up until now, so why’s there a Chihuahua coming in and trying to take over?
As long as neither they aren’t showing any signs of aggression, you should be able to let them stay and play together in the same room. Just keep an eye on them and look for signs of anxiety or aggression. If you spot one of them showing their teeth or growling, immediately split them up and say “NO,” followed by taking them elsewhere. There’s no need to spank or physically discipline your dogs for not behaving, but you should tell them “no” in a firm manner. On the other hand, when they are good and play well with one another, give them a treat as a reward.
Feeding Time
You’ll want to pay extra attention to your dogs when it’s feeding time. Whether they are big or small, many dogs feel the need to protect their food by lashing out aggressively at other dogs, people or pets that come their way. Hopefully your dogs won’t have this problem, but if they do, you’ll need to know what the correct response is.
More often than not, dogs that last out with aggression during feeding time usually aren’t getting fed enough throughout the day. As a result, they instinctively feel threatened by others that come around their food. So how much should you be feeding your dogs each day? It really depends on a variety of factors, such as their breed, health, age and activity levels. A good rule of thumb, however, is to feed them two medium-sized bowls of food each day. If you feel this amount isn’t enough, talk to their veterinarian to determine a more precise and accurate feeding plan.
Another idea to help eliminate dinner time aggression is to place your dogs’ food bowls in different areas of the house. Perhaps your Chihuahua can eat in the living room or bathroom, while your larger dog eats their food in the kitchen. Since they are far away from one another, there shouldn’t be any reason for them to act aggressively.
Many owners brush off their Chihuahua’s obesity as a non-concerning issue that doesn’t pose a real threat. In addition, there are even some people that laugh or poke fun at their weight problem. The fact is, however, that that obesity is just as dangerous to canines as it is to us. It can lead to heart disease, diabetes (yes, Chihuahuas can become diabetic too), premature wearing of the joints, arthritis, and it lowers their overall life expectancy. If you believe your Chihuahua is obese or on the verge of becoming obese, you need to take the necessary action to get them back to a healthy weight.
While the exact number is unknown, some studies suggest that as much as 40% of all pet dogs in the U.S. are overweight. This number is certainly shocking, but what’s even more alarming is the fact that over half of their owners didn’t even notice a problem. If you want your Chihuahua, or any other type of dog for that matter, to live a long and healthy life, you must keep an eye on their weight and make the necessary adjustments when required.
First and foremost, you must identify IF your Chihuahua actually has a weight problem or if they are just big-boned. According to the American Kennel Club (AKC) standards, Chihuahuas should weigh less than 6 pounds. Of course this is just a general rule of thumb to follow and isn’t a 100% accurate way of determining if your Chihuahua is overweight. A more practical approach is to take your hands and gently rub them along the sides of your Chihuahua’s ribcage. If you’re unable to noticeably feel the bones because of excess fat and tissue, then they are overweight.
Why Obesity is Dangerous For Chihuahuas
If more owners took their Chihuahua’s weight and overall health more seriously, obesity wouldn’t be such a problem. Unfortunately, far too many owners either overlook their Chihuahua’s weight problem or choose to ignore it. Either way, it opens up a whole new world of numerous health issues that places your Chihuahua’s well-being at risk.
Here are some of the main problems associated with obese/overweight Chihuahuas:
The extra weight places excessive pressure around their joints and bones, which in turn may cause them to develop arthritis at an early age. Obese Chihuahuas are at risk for developing a number of bone and joint problems, all of which can lower their quality of life.
Significantly increases their risk of developing Type II Diabetes (mellitus) as a result of the body’s need for more insulin. In some cases, diabetes may require your Chihuahua to receive daily insulin injections just to keep up with their body’s demand; otherwise, it can cause their body to go into shock.
Back and spinal problems are yet another issue that’s commonly associated with obese Chihuahuas. When they put on more weight than their body can handle, it weighs down the sensitive areas on their back. This may cause their spinal discs to slip, bones to fracture or ligaments to tear.
Obese Chihuahuas are at greater risk of developing high blood pressure (AKA hypertension), and this is just as dangerous to them as it is to us. High blood pressure places a greater strain on all of the organs and tissue inside the body, which increases the chance or organ failure and numerous diseases.
Arguably the greatest risk that comes from a Chihuahua being overweight is heart disease. The extra fat and tissue inside their body forces the heart to pump extra blood so it can reach the vital organs. Combined with the extra pressure placed on the organs, there’s an overall greater risk at developing heart disease.
Stop Feeding Table Food!
If you were on a fly on the wall at a home with an overweight Chihuahua, you would probably see their owners frequently feeding them table food. Whether it’s straight from the dinner table or just eating a snack in the living room, Chihuahuas are oftentimes fed leftovers that owners don’t want to throw away. After all, it’s nearly impossible to deny them with those sad begging eyes looking patiently up at you. However, the problem in doing so is that it leads to obesity much faster than eating dog food alone.
It may only be a piece of chicken here or a burger scrap there, but those little pieces can slowly add up and take a toll on your Chihuahua’s health. You have to remember that a Chihuahua’s digestive system isn’t meant to process most of the food we eat. In fact, the only table food that’s acceptable to feed them is boneless, skinless chicken breast, and even that should be given as an “occasional” treat.
In addition to their bodies not being able to process it properly, feeding a Chihuahua table food can also be quite dangerous. We talk a little bit about common foods that are dangerous to Chihuahuas here, and some of the ones on the list may shock you. While most owners are aware of the threat chocolate poses, things like garlic, grapes and onions can be equally as deadly. Check out the link previously mentioned for a list of some of the most common table foods that pose a danger to a Chihuahua’s health.
Increase Their Activity Levels
It should come as no surprise that exercise and increasing your Chihuahua’s overall activity levels can help them lose weight. Because of their small size, many owners overlook or simply underestimate the exercise needs of their Chihuahuas. They assume that keeping them locked up in a small house or apartment only to take them outside to use the bathroom is acceptable when it’s not. Like all dogs, Chihuahuas need plenty of time each day to run around and play. If you don’t give it to them, their muscles will shrink, bones will become weaker, and they will naturally gain more weight.
Overheating and over-exhaustion is something that you need to be aware of when allowing an obese Chihuahua to exercise. If they are overweight and their bodies aren’t used to the proper exercise, they may run themselves tired. Keep exercise sessions short at first and then gradually increase the amount of time you allow them to stay outside. And as always, never leave your Chihuahua to play outside unattended, as there are simply too many potential dangers that can harm them.
Is your Chihuahua a heavy shedder? Shedding can create a mess while potentially triggering allergy attacks in people who suffer from pet allergies. As your Chihuahua sheds, he will leave behind loose hair that will blanket your floors and furniture.
You can’t stop your Chihuahua from shedding. With the exception of certain hairless breeds like the Xoloitzcuintli or Chinese Crested, all dogs shed. It’s a natural process that’s actually beneficial for our canine companions. There are ways to deal with a shedding Chihuahua, however, to maintain a clean home and protect against allergy attacks.
Single-Coat vs Double-Coat Chihuahuas: What’s the Difference?
The amount of hair your Chihuahua sheds will depend heavily on the number of coats he has. There are single-coat and double-coat Chihuahuas. Double-coat Chihuahuas have two coats of hair, so they shed more hair than their single-coat counterparts.
Single-coat Chihuahuas have a single, outer coat consisting of thick guard hairs. Also known as a top coat, the outer coat offers protection from minor injuries, bugs and the sun.
Double-coat Chihuahuas have a top coat of guard hairs and an undercoat of softer, thinner hairs. The undercoat helps to regulate the Chihuahua’s temperature. During warmer months of the year, it increases circulation by allowing air to reach the Chihuahua’s skin. During the cooler months of the year, the undercoat insulates the Chihuahua’s body to minimize the loss of body heat.
Chihuahuas can further be classified as smooth coat or long coat depending on the length of their hair. Smooth-coat Chihuahuas have short hair that sits close to their body. Long-coat Chihuahuas have long hair that extends farther out from their body.
Some smooth-coat Chihuahuas only have a top coat, whereas others have a top coat and an undercoat. The same is true for long-coat Chihuahuas. While a double coat is more common with long-coat Chihuahuas, some of them only have a top coat.
AKC Standards for Single-Coat and Double-Coat Chihuahuas
The Americal Kennel Club’s (AKC’s) breed standards accept Chihuahuas with or without an undercoat. Only a sparse coat resembling bareness is grounds for disqualification, and this rule only applied to long-coat Chihuahuas. If you own a smooth-coat Chihuahua, you can register him even if he has a sparse coat.
An undercoat, though, is preferred for long-coat Chihuahuas in the AKC’s breed standards. Only double-coat Chihuahuas have an undercoat. For smooth-coat Chihuahuas, the AKC’s breed standards permit but do not prefer an undercoat.
When Do Single-Coat Chihuahuas Shed?
Single-coat Chihuahuas typically shed small amounts of hair throughout the entire year. Some of them may shed more heavily in spring and fall, but they will almost always shed year-round.
If you own a single-coat Chihuahua — regardless of whether he has a smooth coat or long coat — you can expect to find small amounts of hair in your home throughout the year. Single-coat Chihuahuas only have a top coat. They will shed their top coat gradually year-round, leaving behind thick guard hairs on floors, furniture and other surfaces.
When Do Double-Coat Chihuahuas Shed?
Double-coat Chihuahuas typically shed their undercoat once in spring and again in late fall, and they shed their top coat gradually throughout the year.
The process of shedding an undercoat in a short period is known as “blowing a coat.” Most double-coat Chihuahuas will blow their coat twice a year. It lasts for about two to three weeks, during which you can expect to find large clumps of hair in your home. These large clumps of hair are known as “tufts.”
Why Chihuahuas Shed
Chihuahuas shed so that they can regrow new, healthier hair. They don’t keep their hair indefinitely. After their hair has reached a certain length, it will fall out so that new hair can grow in its place. This is all part of the hair growth cycle (see below).
Shedding isn’t limited to Chihuahuas. All dogs and even most mammals experience some degree of shedding — assuming they have hair. Over time, the hair on most mammals will become weaker and brittler. The hair growth cycle tells their bodies when to shed hair old and when to regrow new hair.
Double-coat Chihuahuas shed their undercoat to help regulate their body temperature. Shedding in spring allows for the development of a lighter and thinner undercoat. When the summer months arrive, double-coat Chihuahuas will be ready. Their newly developed undercoat will allow air to flow around their skin, thus keeping them cool.
Shedding in fall allows for the development of a heavier and thicker undercoat. They will shed their lightweight and thin undercoat in preparation for the upcoming cold weather. Chihuahuas will develop a heavier and more insulative undercoat in its place.
The Hair Growth Cycle
Chihuahuas have a three-stage hair growth cycle. The hair growth cycle is hardwired into their DNA. It affects their top coat, and if present, their undercoat. Undercoats, though, have a shorter growth cycle than top coats. Chihuahuas will shed and regrow their undercoat hairs faster than their top coat hairs.
Anagen (growth phase): Nutrient-rich blood from the papilla feeds the hair follicle and stimulates growth.
Catagen (transition phase): The hair has reached its predetermined length and has stopped growing. The hair separates from the papilla but remains in the follicle.
Telogen (resting phase): The hair remains dormant before falling out of the follicle.
After the telogen stage, the hair falls out and a new hair grows in its place, thus repeating the three-stage hair growth cycle.
Illustration showing the three stages of hair growth in Chihuahuas (click to enlarge).
Do Long-Coat Chihuahuas Shed More Than Smooth-Coat Chihuahuas?
It’s a common myth that long-coat Chihuahuas shed more than smooth-coat Chihuahuas. Some long-coat Chihuahuas do, in fact, shed more, but this isn’t always the case.
The amount of hair a Chihuahua sheds has nothing to do with the length of his coat. Rather, it’s determined by whether the Chihuahua has an undercoat. Double-coat Chihuahuas have an undercoat, which they typically shed in spring and fall. They also have a top coat, which they shed more gradually year-round.
Single-coat Chihuahuas only have a top coat. They don’t have as much hair as double-coat Chihuahuas, so they shed less. If a smooth-coat Chihuahua has an undercoat, he will shed more than a long-coat Chihuahua without an undercoat. Long-coat Chihuahuas simply shed longer strands of hair, which are more visible than the shorter strands of hair shed by smooth-coat Chihuahuas.
How Daylight Affects Shedding
Shedding is governed by changes in daylight. In the Northern Hemisphere, there are approximately 1 fewer minutes of daylight per day beginning with the arrival of fall. The days essentially become shorter and the nights longer. These photoperiod changes will trigger hormonal changes in Chihuahuas that, among other things, affect when they shed.
The shorter days associated with the fall season may cause Chihuahuas to shed. Single-coat Chihuahuas may shed more of their top coat than usual in fall, whereas double-coat Chihuahuas may blow their entire undercoat. This is the result of hormones telling their bodies to produce a new thicker coat in preparation for winter.
The days will become longer in spring, conversely. As they are exposed to more daylight, Chihuahuas will experience hormonal changes that can affect their shedding. They no longer need a thick undercoat or top coat in spring, so they may shed it. Shedding in spring allows Chihuahuas to develop a thinner and more breathable coat in preparation for summer.
Common Causes of Excessive Shedding
Unless your Chihuahua is hairless, he’s going to shed. Some shedding is normal. It allows Chihuahuas to maintain a strong and healthy coat by replacing their old hair with new hair. What’s not normal, however, is excessive shedding. If you notice bald spots on your Chihuahua, an underlying problem could be to blame. Here are some of the most common causes of excessive shedding in Chihuahuas.
#1) Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism can cause excessive shedding. This thyroid disorder is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland. Chihuahuas with hypothyroidism don’t produce enough thyroid hormone. With low levels of thyroid hormone, Chihuahuas may experience lethargy, weight gain, anemia and excessive shedding.
#2) Cushing’s Disease
Cushing’s disease has been linked to excessive shedding. Also known as hyperadrenocorticism, it involves the overproduction of cortisol. Cortisol is a hormone that regulates stress and facilitates metabolic functions. As levels of cortisol increase, Chihuahuas may begin to shed excessively.
Excessive shedding due to Cushing’s disease is typically limited to the body. Chihuahuas with Cushing’s disease may lose hair on their body, but the hair on their head and legs will remain intact.
#3) Heat Cycle
Female Chihuahuas may shed excessively during, as well as shortly after, their heat cycle.They’ll experience hormonal changes during their heat cycle. Depending on the particular stage of their heat cycle, female Chihuahuas may produce more estrogen or more progesterone. These hormonal changes can cause them to shed excessively. Dams who’ve recently given birth may experience similar hormonal changes.
#4) Stress
Just like our hair can fall out when we are stressed, so can a Chihuahua’s hair. When they encounter a perceived threat, Chihuahuas produce stress hormones like cortisol and epinephrine. Stress hormones are responsible for their fight-or-flight response, which plays a key role in their survival, but they can contribute to excessive shedding as well.
Common stressors in Chihuahuas include separation anxiety, boredom, relocation, death in the family and the addition of a new family pet. Stressors such as these may not pose a direct threat to Chihuahuas, but they can trigger their fight-or-flight response, resulting in elevated levels of stress hormones.
#5) Food Allergies
Food allergies can cause excessive shedding. Food allergies involve an overactive immune system response to a particular food or an ingredient. With food allergies, the Chihuahua’s immune system wrongfully identifies the food or ingredient as a foreign invader. It will attack the food or ingredient with antibodies, which can lead to symptoms like itching and hair loss.
Common food allergies in Chihuahuas and other dogs include:
Dairy
Beef
Chicken
Eggs
Soy
Wheat
Fish
Even if your Chihuahua doesn’t suffer from any food allergies, he may suffer from contact allergies. Like all types of allergies, contact allergies involve an overactive immune system response to an allergen. But Chihuahuas only need to come into contact with the allergen to trigger a contact allergy attack. Chihuahuas suffering from food allergies, in comparison, must ingest the allergen.
Allergens for contact allergies may include shampoo, flea medicine, antibiotics, metals such as nickel, rubber, wool, plastic and household cleaning products. If your Chihuahua is allergic to any of these allergens and they get on his skin, your Chihuahua may develop an itchy and red rash. If left untreated, he may scratch this rash to the point where it becomes bald.
#7) Infections
Chihuahuas can develop infections that cause them to shed excessively. Ringworm, yeast and pyoderma are common types of skin infections linked to excessive shedding. As the invading germ begins to spread on the Chihuahua’s skin, he will itch profusely. Fortunately, most infections are treatable.
If your Chihuahua is suffering from a bacterial infection like pyoderma, your veterinarian may prescribe an antibiotic medication. If your Chihuahua is suffering from a fungal infection like ringworm or yeast, your veterinarian may prescribe an antifungal medication.
#8) Fleas
Fleas can cause Chihuahuas to shed excessively. Measuring just 1.5 to 4 millimeters long on average, fleas are small parasitic insects that feast on the blood of mammals and birds. They can burrow themselves in your Chihuahua’s coat, at which point they will bite your Chihuahua. Your Chihuahua may be bitten hundreds of times per day if he’s suffering from a flea infestation.
Fleabites are naturally itchy, but some Chihuahuas are particularly sensitive to them. Flea saliva is a common allergen. Many Chihuahuas and other dogs are allergic to flea saliva. A condition known as flea allergy dermatitis (FAD), it causes intense itching in response to fleabites.
#9) Mange
Mange can cause excessive shedding. There are certain types of parasitic mites that can infest your Chihuahua’s skin. Mange is a group of skin diseases that involve these parasitic mites.
Two of the most common types of mange include Demodectic and Sarcoptic. The former is caused by Demodex mites, whereas the latter is caused by Sarcoptes scabiei mites. Parasitic mites such as these can quickly reproduce while causing intense itching and hair loss.
How to Control Your Chihuahua’s Shedding
You can’t prevent your Chihuahua from shedding, but there are ways to control it. If you’re tired of finding loose hair scattered throughout your home, consider the following tips.
Here are some tips to control your Chihuahua shedding:
Brush your Chihuahua’s coat at least once a day. Daily brushing will remove loose hair, strengthen tangled knots and evenly distribute your Chihuahua’s natural skin oils throughout his coat.
Use the right type of brush. Not all grooming brushes are the same. If your Chihuahua only has a top coat, a slicker brush or pin brush may suffice. If he has a top coat and an undercoat, you may want to begin with a slicker brush or pin brush, followed by an undercoat rake.
Bathe your Chihuahua regularly. You can control your Chihuahua’s shedding b bathing him at least once a week.
Consider a medicated shampoo for allergy-related shedding. If allergies are responsible for your Chihuahua’s excessive shedding, ask your veterinarian if a medicated shampoo is right for your tiny companion. There’s hydrocortisone shampoo, for instance, that suppresses the inflammation and itching associated with contact allergies.
Use a blow dryer. After bathing your Chihuahua, use a blow dryer on the cool-air setting to remove loose hair from his coat.
Use a deshedding spray. Try using a waterless deshedding spray to control your Chihuahua’s shedding. These sprays typically contain natural ingredients, such as Omega-3 fatty acids and vitamins, that moisturize and strengthen the Chihuahua’s coat.
Vacuum and sweep floors. Keeping your floors will minimize your Chihuahua’s loose hair.
Use a Lint roller on furniture. You’ll probably discover hair on furniture. A quick and easy way to remove it is to use a lint roller. Lint rollers feature strips of self-adhesive tape to which dirt, dust and loose pet hair will stick.
Invest in a premium kibble. What type of food do you feed your Chihuahua? Low-quality kibble with lots of corn, preservatives, artificial flavors and filler ingredients may contribute to excessive shedding.
Add olive oil to your Chihuahua’s diet. Drizzle a teaspoon of extra-virgin olive oil over your Chihuahua’s food once daily. The high concentration of Omega-3 fatty acids in olive oil will promote a healthy coat and skin that keeps excessive shedding in check.
Consider a supplement. There are supplements available to minimize shedding in dogs. Omega-3 fatty acid supplements, vitamin A supplements and biotin supplements may improve your Chihuahua’s coat and minimize his shedding.
Get a veterinary checkup annually. Excessive shedding may be attributed to an underlying disease or condition. An annual checkup will allow you to treat these diseases and conditions early — potentially before they lead to excessive shedding.
Dress your Chihuahua. Chihuahua clothes are more than just a fashion statement; they can control loose hair. A shirt or sweater will catch your Chihuahua’s loose hair so that it doesn’t end up on the floor.
What You Shouldn’t Do
While excessive shedding can be a nuisance, you shouldn’t shave your Chihuahua. Chihuahuas need their hair for protection. The guard hairs protects them from the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays. If you shave your Chihuahua, you’ll remove these guard hairs while placing your Chihuahua at risk for sunburn.
If your Chihuahua has an undercoat, shaving him will remove both the guard hairs and the thinner undercoat hairs. Undercoats help regulate the temperature of dogs. They keep dogs warmer in winter by insulating their bodies, and undercoats keep dogs cooler in the summer by increasing air circulation around their skin. Your Chihuahua won’t have an undercoat if you shave him.
Shaving is never the answer to excessive shedding. It won’t make your Chihuahua shed any less. Your Chihuahua will still shave the same amount of hair if you shave him; your Chihuahua’s hair will simply be shorter. You can trim your Chihuahua’s coat, but you should never shave it.
In Conclusion
Shedding is a natural and expected part of owning a Chihuahua. While their small size may lead some to believe they shed less than other dogs, Chihuahuas actually have a moderate shedding level. And there are ways to control your Chihuahua’s shedding.
Purebred Chihuahuas are categorized as either long-coat or smooth-coat (AKA short coat). Contrary to what some people may believe, these aren’t actual breeds but rather varieties of the Chihuahua. If you’re thinking of adding a new Chihuahua to your family in the near future, it’s important to understand the differences between long-coats and smooth-coats. While their appearance is likely the most noticeable difference, there are some other unique features associated with each of these varieties. Knowing what features and characteristics the different Chihuahua varieties have will help you make the most educated decision possible.
Before we start, it’s important to note that the breed standards for both the long-coat and smooth-coat Chihuahua variety are the same with a few exceptions. The AKC states that all Chihuahuas, regardless of their coat, must meet a certain criteria. You can visit the official AKC website for a more descriptive outline of these standards, but some of them include a weight of no more than 6 pounds, well-rounded head (apple-shaped), full and round eyes, slightly-arched neck, lean shoulders and muscular hindquarters. So what differences are there in the breed standards between the two varieties?
Long-Coat Breed Requirements
Soft-to-the-touch fur coat.
Fur can be either be straight or naturally wavy.
Undercoat preferred.
Fur should remain strong and prominent all the way to the tip of the tail.
Excess hair around neck (AKA ruff) is preferred.
Smooth-Coat Breed Requirements
Short fur coat that’s close to their body.
Glossy
Soft texture
Excess hair around neck (AKA ruff) is preferred.
Excess hair on tail is preferred.
The criteria listed above is simply the official breed standards set by the AKC. If you’re looking to register your Chihuahua with them or allow them to participate in an AKC-sponsored show, you’ll need to make sure they meet all of the specifications. Start by determining whether your Chihuahua is a long-coat or smooth-coat variety and then work your way down through the requirements. Remember, the breed standards are the same for both varieties with the exception of the listed requirements previously mentioned.
Long-Coat Chihuahuas
Whether you own a Chihuahua or not, you’ve probably seen or at least heard of the long-coat variety before. As the name suggests, they have a much longer coat of fur than their counterpart, the smooth-coat Chihuahua. The long-coat variety tends to soft and semi-fluffy coat of hair, and they may or may not have an undercoat.
One might assume that long-coat Chihuahuas require more grooming and maintenance, but this isn’t always the case. If you do a little searching online and at some of the various Chihuahua forums, you’ll probably notice how most owners agree that long-coat Chihuahuas shed less than their smooth-coat counterpart. This can be somewhat confusing given the fact that they have more fur, so why is it that they shed less? One of the reasons is simply because their fur stays more securely on their body, which then prevents it from falling off. Long-coat Chihuahuas that lack an undercoat will also naturally shed less than long-coat Chihuahuas with an undercoat. Of course this doesn’t mean a long-coat variety isn’t going shed at all, but they are a smarter choice for owners who are concerned with keeping their floors cleaned.
While long-coat Chihuahuas do in fact shed less, they also pick up more grass, dirt and debris from being outside. The extra fur on their body acts as a magnet to anything they come into contact with. If you allow your long-coat Chihuahua run and play outside for long periods of time, they will likely drag in leaves and debris on their coat. You can minimize this, however, by brushing their coat before letting them back in the house.
Smooth-Coat Chihuahuas
On the other side of the fence so to speak is the smooth-coat Chihuahua. It should go without saying that this variety possesses a much shorter and smoother fur coat. The fur rests directly on top of the Chihuahua’s skin, creating the appearance that they have little-to-no fur. Smooth-coat Chihuahuas can be found in a variety of colors, from white and black to brown and grey.
Something that you need to be aware of is that smooth-coat Chihuahuas will in fact shed more than long-coat Chihuahuas. If you plan to own a smooth-coat Chihuahua, be prepared to spend extra time grooming them and cleaning the floors in your home; otherwise, you’ll find their fur stuck to you anytime you sit down on the living room furniture. This can certainly be an annoyance, but it’s easy to deal with their shedding once you learn the basics. Visit the link for a more detailed guide on how to minimize your Chihuahua’s shedding.
Although smooth-coat Chihuahuas shed more than long-coats, grooming them is actually easier and less time-consuming. All Chihuahuas will need to be occasionally groomed, but smooth-coat varieties can go for a longer period of time without it. The short coat on their body prevents build-ups of dirt and debris, and it also doesn’t get tangled up like that of a long-coat’s.
In Conclusion…
The choice between a long-coat and smooth-coat Chihuahua is one that only you can make. Both of these varieties can make wonderful loving pets for the family when raised in a healthy environment. As long as you raise your Chihuahua with lots of love, attention and care, they will grow up and offer you the same level of respect you gave them. The length of their fur coat has absolutely no effect on their personality or characteristics.
Illustration of a Chihuahua’s open mouth, showing the hard palate, soft palate, tongue and tonsils. The soft palate at the back of the roof of the mouth is responsible for reverse sneezing.
Single-coat Chihuahuas typically shed small amounts of hair throughout the entire year. Some of them may shed more heavily in spring and fall, but they will almost always shed year-round.
Illustration showing the three stages of hair growth in Chihuahuas (click to enlarge).
Just like our hair can fall out when we are stressed, so can a Chihuahua’s hair. When they encounter a perceived threat, Chihuahuas produce stress hormones like cortisol and epinephrine. Stress hormones are responsible for their fight-or-flight response, which plays a key role in their survival, but they can contribute to excessive shedding as well.
